Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper if desired.
In a mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, and salt. Set aside.
In a separate large bowl, use an electric mixer or whisk to cream together the softened butter and brown sugar until light and fluffy.
Beat in the molasses, egg, and vanilla extract until well combined.
Gradually add the dry flour mixture to the wet ingredients, mixing just until the dough comes together. Do not overmix.
Divide the dough into two equal pieces, wrap in plastic wrap, and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or until firm.
On a lightly floured surface, roll out one piece of dough to about 1/4 inch thick. Use cookie cutters to cut out shapes and place them on the prepared baking sheet.
Bake for 8-10 minutes or until the edges are firm but the centers are still soft. Allow cookies to cool on the baking sheet for a few minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.
Repeat with the remaining dough.